Royal jelly is a natural source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B1, B2,, B5, B6, and C, as well as minerals like calcium, iron, and zinc.

Since ancient times, Royal Jelly has been believed to prolong life by protecting the DNA and lowering oxidative stress. RJ increases respiration and oxidative phosphorylation and causes increased body abilities (Han et al., 2011).

It impacts on the estrogen and gonadotropin effects in cells (Suzuki et al., 2008).

Royal Jelly reduces such eye problems as conjunctivitis, corneal burn and blepharitis high eye blood pressure in old people (Park et al., 2012).

It promotes the building of collagen in cell cultures and prevents the development of such skin lesions as atopic dermatitis and itching (Oribe etal., 2012; Kim et al., 2010).

It prevents wrinkles and spots through the moisturizing of skin and reduces melanine synthesis (Yamaura et al., 2013; Tatsuhiko, Naoko, & Yuko, 2011).

10 HDA, a major fatty acid component of RJ, enhances collagen production, and therefore protects against UV B–induced photo aging in human skin fibroblasts (Kamakura et al., 2001; Park et al., 2010).

RJ protects fibroblast against deleterious lipid peroxidation by-products (Bonte et al., 2003)

Royal Jelly modulates the immune system and shows a positive effect on it, and strengthening the immune system prevents or reduces the growth of cancer cells. The therapeutic effects of Royal Jelly remain in a cancer patient’s body for a long time. Its effect on the immune system and antitumor activity requires time, after some days tumor growth decreases. Most immunomodulatory and antitumoral effects have been ascribed to the10-HDA and such protein components as MRJP3 and apalabumin1

There are many reports about the antitumor effect of Royal Jelly. In the patients with breast cancer, it stimulates immunoglobulin production by lymphocytes and increases IgM and IgG (the anti-cancer factors). It also shows anti-estrogenic activity by inhibiting the effect of bisphenol.

A or BPA (an environmental estrogen which stimulates the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells) RJ prevents myelosuppression induced by tumor evolution (immune-stimulating effect) and it has an important effect in the regression of brosarcoma cells and it shows a delayed effect (Kamakura et al., 2007),in  the  control  of  brosarcoma.

Royal Jelly stimulates and activates the central nervous system through a  glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and increases the differentiation of brain cells from neural stem cells. 10-HDA increases the generation of neurons. Furakawa (2008) showed that RJ play neurotrophic and neuroprotective roles on the hippocampus of the brain.

Royal Jelly simplifies the differentiation of all types of brain cells: neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes (Acetylcholine in RJ is a neurotransmitter in the peripheral and central nervous systems and is only a neuromodulator used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system (Mannoor et al., 2008). AMP N1-oxide stimulates both the formation of different brain cells and the expression of protein to mature neurons (neurofilaments-M). AMP N1-oxide stops the proliferation of PC 12 cells.

Royal Jelly was found to reduce neuronal death and neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases; it improves the spatial memory and acts as an inhibitor of stress-related immunodepression. Aslan et al. (2012) showed that it ensures  a better quality of life in old age and that it reduces secondary neuronal damage .It is suggested as antistress and neuroprotective effect of Royal Jelly under stress conditions.

Royal Jelly contains the hormones testosterone, progesterone, prolactin, estradiol,effects on the reproductive system and fertility. Testosterone (11-12 ng/g) (Melliou & Chinou, 2014). Royal Jelly increases the fertility of women and men because it is an important source of para-aminobenzoic. RJ exhibits a low estrogenic activity and affects osteoporosis and perimenopausal symptoms, and improves the hormonal equilibrium and fertility by increasing sperm and ovules quality (Al-Masri, 2011; Karacal & Aral, 2008).Royal Jelly improves intestinal absorption of calcium in ovariectomized females and the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in postmenopausal females. It was demonstrated that Royal Jelly or its components affect gene expression to mimic the effects of estrogen and improve menopausal symptoms. Royal Jelly prevents cisplatininduced spermiotoxicity through its antioxidative effect and   reduces the severity of premenstrual syndrome in women (Yang et al., 2012). The use of Royal Jelly might be a simple and reasonably effective method of treating asthenozoospermia. The amino acid and 10H2DA content of Royal Jelly enhance acrosome reaction and sperm motility and quality and thus improve fertilization (Elnagar, 2010; Shahzad et al., 2016). Royal Jelly as an antioxidant source improves the sperm parameters of ram semen (Moradi et al., 2013). Seyyedi, Rafiean-Kopaei and Miraj (2016) reported the postmenopausal treatment effect of Royal Jelly in humans. Abdel-Hafez, Rifaai and Abdelzaher (2017) studied how Royal Jelly possibly protects  male albino rats against  cyclophosphamide-induced prostatic damage. Results showed that Royal Jelly provides histo-pathological and biochemical improvement in cyclophosphamide-induced prostatic tissue toxicity. This improvement was associated with a decrease in the tissue oxidative damage and apoptosis. Eshtiyaghi et al. (2017) studied how RJ improved glucose metabolism and redox state of ovine oocytes and fertilization. They reported that RJ caused oocyte maturation and high intracellular glutathione level and capacity to develop the blastocyst stage. Royal Jelly also increased the fertilization and blastocyst formation due to increased activity of the glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway in cumulus cells and antioxidant enzymes activity in both Oocyte and cumulus cells. RJ extends the survivability and longevity of spermatozoa. Therefore, RJ supplementation increases the fertilizing possibility of oocytes during artificial insemination.Regular consumption of high-quality Royal Jelly helps balance hormones. This makes it beneficial to those individuals that suffer from a hormonal imbalance, as it helps to provide support to the endocrine system. It may also help with fertility issues that are related to hormonal imbalance.The literature shows that royal jelly plays a role in increasing sperm count in infertility due to asthenozoospermia. RJ administration significantly increases sperm count and active motility, luteinizing hormones, and testosterone levels in infertile men.

Royal Jelly increases energy levels, vital capacity, respiratory function and muscular effort capacity. It improves appetite, and body mass and strength during malnutrition. The pantothenic acid (B5) in Royal Jelly is converted to coenzyme A (helps the body to metabolize lipids) which improves stress response capacity (Kamakura et al., 2001).

In heart disease patients, RJ increases euphoria, strength and appetite. In patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, it increases the feeling of being energetic. Royal jelly improves the physical performance of humans and the general condition of old people.  It benefits energy metabolism and pancreatic lipase activity. Royal Jelly supplementation has positive effects on body composition.

Royal jelly improves the quality and number of red blood cells. It has hypocholesterole-mia and hepato-protective action, and controls and lowers. cholesterol and triglycerides by attaching to the phytosterols like biosterol in the intestinal tract, which increases HDL levels and number and number of blood cells,lowers plasma fibrinogen levels and thrombosis and prevents myocarditis of  blood  cells,  lowers  plasma  brinogen  levels of  blood  cells,  lowers  plasma  brinogen  levels Royal jelly showes anti-hypertenisive, hypotensive and vasodilatative effects, and dilates the vascular system in lower limbs and facilitates blood flow in the vascular bed.Royal jelly and its peptides were found to reduce high blood pressure due to trans-2-octenoic acid, the hydroxydecanoic acid and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities. Royal jelly increases the  oxygen flow to  the --------Royal jelly  increases the oxygen flow to the liver and promotes hepatocytes growth and liver health (Nagai et al., 2008). Furthermore, it prevents nicotine-1 inducing by increasing the cholesterol levels.The immunomodulatory effect of Royal jelly treatment represses the deleterious effects of hypercholesterolaemia (Viuda Martoset al., 2008). Royal jelly acts against stenocardia and heart infarct